AG TIRE TALK KEY TAKEAWAYS
MAXAM: “The development of IF (increased flexion) and VF (very increased flexion) technology is allowing working air pressures to be lowered significantly delivering improved performance and better crop yields.”
BKT: “There are definite advantages in using IF/VF tires and applications where they work and perform much better than standard tires.”
YOKOHAMA OFF HIGHWAY TIRES AMERICA: “That’s because IF and VF Tires can help farmers reduce compaction force on their soils by 20 to 40%, or carry higher loads than conventional radials without increasing compaction.”
MICHELIN: “Independent studies conducted by Harper Adams University and University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, both concluded using Michelin (IF/VF) tires, at properly recommended field air pressures, will produce up to an additional 4.31% yield.
YOKOHAMA TWS: “How can tires with IF/VF Technology carry the same load with less air pressure? The answer is because the sidewalls have been redesigned to carry some of the load, whereas standard radial tires use the air pressure to carry the entire load.”
Maxam Tire International
Greg W. Gilland: Vice President Global Agriculture
On average, agricultural tires tend to operate between +16-20 psi for MFWD or 4WD tractors working in the field, about +25 PSI for combine harvesters, and above +60 PSI on self-propelled sprayers. The development of IF (increased flexion) and VF (very increased flexion) technology is allowing working air pressures to be lowered significantly delivering improved performance and better crop yields. The structural design and capability of modern tires impacts how much air pressure is required to carry the intended axle load.
All radial tire casing structures from nylon to steel chords with its inherent rubber layers only carry 20% of the actual intended load with the compressed air accounting for 80% of the carrying capacity. This is true in any radial tire application, from passenger vehicle tires to the largest giant OTR mining tires. The advent of IF & VF technology is rewriting the rules by giving the structural components a larger impact on the carrying capacity. Transferring the axle load carrying responsibility away from the compressed air and increasing the weight-bearing function back to both the casing and rubber materials. IF and VF technology tires are evolved products that use improved rubber compounds and higher tensile strength cables or chords to achieve the load, speed, heat resistance, and endurance that can be demanded in their work applications or conditions.
The below visual examples of a 520/85R42 on a harvester (dualled application) drive or front axle display the effect of air pressure, tire casing deflection, and tire footprint or gross flat plate between a standard, IF, or VF tire and their benefits:
For agricultural tires, whether using IF or VF Technology Tires, farmers can either significantly lower air pressure without compromising the carrying capacity of the tire or increase the weight carried with the same tire footprint (same gross flat plate). Both technologies allow farmers to achieve better yields or greater productivity in the field with heavier or faster machinery.
VF Tire Technology Construction uses quite different casing and rubber materials to achieve the benefits listed above by delivering the below product solutions versus Standard Tire Construction:
- VF Tires provide the greatest load carrying or axle load capacity at standard air pressures as needed.
- When operated at -40% air inflation pressures, VF tires will reduce soil compaction improving crop yields due to the larger tire footprint and increased flotation over the soil resulting in lower ground pressure.
- VF Tires are designed to operate safely with a higher heat resistance of the casing despite -40% lower air pressure on the road or in the field.
- The ability to lower air pressures also improves the ride and with a greater contact patch (or flotation)- the traction improves the overall machine stability on the road or in the field.
- VF tire pressures when operating at -40% air inflation also greatly enhance both traction and stability when on sloped or steep fields.
- The above conditions are matched on IF technology tires except the benefits are only 20% greater than standard tires.
Original Equipment VF Tire Demand
The above +100 HP machinery-producing OEMs have adopted and will continue to add IF or VF technology tires in their product offer as the quest for increased productivity, greater yields, and faster food production continues to run in parallel with greater machinery weight and increased engine horsepower.
VF Tires with Cyclic Field Operation
In most cases, the greatest enemy of a tire is the corresponding heat generation on the tire casing that occurs as machines get heavier carry greater axle loads and operate faster. For example, the current transition in the market to larger combine harvesters evolving from class 9 to class 10 size machinery designed with greater horsepower is increasing the demand or use of tires that can offer CFO or Cyclic Field Operation capability. In essence, a CFO-engineered tire whether developed as a Standard, IF, or VF product must be able to withstand continuous dynamic loads in the field. Specifically, CFO tires are working in repetitive cycles during the harvest season with tire loads increasing and decreasing dramatically in a very quick period from light loads to heavy loads as the harvester works the field filling or emptying its on-board bin. A CFO-rated tire therefore must be capable of flexing under extreme working conditions at specific air pressures without compromising performance, traction, productivity, or soil compaction. IF or VF tire technology provides the best viable solutions to CFO or Cyclic Field Conditions as their construction materials have been engineered to provide the endurance, casing integrity, and air pressure capability to withstand both the changing load and corresponding heat generation without compromising performance.
MAXAM has developed cyclic load capability in our AGRIXTRA H family of large-volume flotation tires to meet the CFO engineering requirements as super single tire solutions for the combine-harvester market. Our current steel belted AGRIXTRA H product range has been engineered to ensure the optimal contact patch to help reduce ground pressure or soil compaction without compromising the steering or driving capability of the tire. MAXAM will be developing additional VF tires in the coming years in all our agricultural products offered with improved CFO capability to meet the global growing demand for higher load and speed capability. In addition, MAXAM will also employ our new Ecopoint rubber compound technology to rewrite the tire endurance rules and deliver value-centered products that will exceed both OEM and farmer or grower expectations.
BKT USA, Inc.
Dave Paulk: Manager Field Technical Services
IF/VF tires are becoming more commonplace in the market and are used on more equipment now than in past years. There are definite advantages in using IF/VF tires and applications where they work and perform much better than standard tires. Farms are more spread out. Farmers must get the tractors and equipment from one farm to the next by driving on the road. As equipment (tractors, sprayers, planters/seeders, cultivators, etc.) gets heavier, IF/VF tires are useful in carrying the weight of the equipment at highway speeds.
IF rated tires are made to carry up to 20% more load at the same air pressure as a standard tire. They will carry higher loads at higher air pressures than standard tires. VF tires are made to carry 40% more load at the same air pressure as a standard tire. They can also carry heavier loads at higher air pressures. When transporting equipment at highway speeds, oftentimes this higher load capacity is needed to keep the tires from failing because of heat buildup and overload. Most MFWD tractors will run at least 30 mph and most sprayers will run 40 mph. Higher air pressures are needed when transporting on the road to carry the weight and keep the tires running cooler (dissipate the heat). In some cases, IF or VF tires must be used because of the heavy weight of the equipment.
Conversely, when used in the field, IF and VF tires can be run at less air pressure to minimize soil compaction where no till and minimum till farming is concerned. They are being run at slower speeds. However, the tires must have enough air to carry the weight of the tractor and implements. Since air pressures determine ground bearing pressure (soil compaction), IF and VF tires can be run with 20% and 40% respectively less air pressure compared to a standard tire. By running less air pressures in the field, the radial tire has a wider and longer footprint to help spread the weight of the tractor or equipment out over a wider area. This also offers better traction and more fuel savings in the field.
If CTIS (Central Tire Inflation System) systems are used, tires can be inflated for road use, and deflated for field use. Low air pressures set for field use do not work on the highway. The faster a tire rolls, the less weight carrying capacity it has. Running low air pressures on the road allows tires to run hot and they don’t dissipate heat easily. This will cause the tires to eventually fail in the bead and sidewall areas.
Conversely, running lower air pressures in the field will minimize soil compaction, give better traction, and burn less fuel.
Some IF and VF tires may be labeled as IF or VF-CFO tires. CFO (Cyclic Field Operation) tires are used mainly on combines and grain carts where the loads are cyclical or changing and not constant. At slower speeds, these tires allow load bonuses for use in the field at slower field speeds.
IF-CFO tires allow a 70% load bonus at up to 5 mph cyclic, a 55% load bonus at up to 10 mph cyclic, and a 35% load bonus at up to 20 mph cyclic.
VF-CFO tires allow a 48.5% load bonus at up to 5 mph cyclic, a 35.5% load bonus at up to 10 mph cyclic, and a 13.5% load bonus at up to 20 mph cyclic.
At slower field speeds IF or VF-CFO designated tires will carry a lot of weight without having to adjust air pressures.
Yokohama Off-Highway Tires America, Inc.
Blaine Cox: National Product Manager—Agriculture, Golf and Turf
Increased Flexion (IF) and Very High Flexion (VF) Tires—and their ability to carry even higher loads under the Cyclic Field Operation (CFO) designation—are probably the most exciting technology in the tire business today, with the greatest potential to help improve productivity on the farm.
That’s because IF and VF Tires can help farmers reduce compaction force on their soils by 20 to 40%, or carry higher loads than conventional radials without increasing compaction.
IF and VF Tires are the products of amazing engineering, cutting-edge materials, and meticulous construction that allow us to construct extremely flexible, extremely tough IF and VF sidewalls and snug beads. The result is that those tires can carry extremely heavy loads at low inflation pressure without the strain and heat buildup that would occur with Conventional Radials or Bias-Ply Tires at those pressures.
With IF and VF, you can also choose which benefit you want to take advantage of: Higher Load at the Same Pressure, or the Same Load at Lower Inflation. The extra flexibility in the sidewalls and outstanding performance of the casings of IF and VF Tires create a longer, larger footprint, which spreads load to reduce soil compaction, puts more lugs on the ground for greater traction, and improves fuel efficiency. The footprint can be huge—for instance, our Alliance Agriflex+ 372 VF650/65R38 spreads its load across an area of 462 square inches.
On top of that remarkable capacity, there’s a Cyclic Field Operation Load Bonus—look for “CFO” on the sidewall like this: VF420/95R50 CFO. During harvest, loads increase and decrease as grain moves onto and off the combine or grain cart. On harvesters and grain carts, CFO changes the game: at speeds of 10 mph or less, CFO ratings allow an increase in the permitted maximum load on IF tires by as much as 55% and VF tires as much as 35.5%. At 20 mph, an IF tire can carry 30% higher load due to its CFO rating, while a VF tire in cyclic field operations can carry 13.5% more.
There are some very important restrictions to CFO use. First, the machine must operate in the field at or below the designated speed—usually 10 mph. It must also cycle through the load—it can only carry the maximum CFO load no more than 1 mile before unloading begins. Finally, CFO means cyclic field operation: on the road, the machine must be empty or operate within normal load/speed parameters.
With IF, VF and CFO capabilities, today’s best tires can help improve productivity while decreasing soil compaction. Those benefits go straight to a farm’s bottom line. Depending on soils, crops, weather and field history, soil compaction can reduce yields by 14% to 70%—and the effects can last for years.
At Yokohama Off-Highway Tires America, Inc., our Alliance Agriflex+ line of VF tires covers heavy farm machinery like Combines, Grain Carts and Tractors, as well as Floaters and Row Crop Sprayers. But we are also committed to protecting fields from all the other machinery that can cause compaction—including planters and drills, tillage equipment, manure tanks and spreaders, and other implements. We call that commitment our Alliance Whole Farm concept, and back it up with low-pressure options for nearly any wheel that touches your field.
Michelin Ag
David Graden: Operational Market Manager – Agriculture
IF/VF Tire Construction was actually invented by Michelin and first launched around 2003. The big idea behind this technology was to enable tires to carry more weight than Standard Radial Tires without really changing the size of the air chamber. This technology also gives equipment manufacturers a larger range of tires to carry heavier machines or increased hopper and tank sizes on Harvesters and Sprayers.
IF (Increased Flexion) widely hit the market first. IF Constructed Tires can carry up to 20% more load than Standard Tires at the same air pressure or they can operate at -20% less air pressure and carry the same load as a Standard Tire.
VF (Very Increased Flexion) hit the market immediately after and will carry up to 40% more load than Standard Tires at the same air pressure or they can operate at -40% less air pressure and carry the same load as a Standard Tire.
Both IF & VF Tires allow a tire to operate at its fullest capacity, meaning the footprint of an IF/VF Tire is maximized both wide and long. It allows the full width of each lug to contact the ground, in addition to more lugs on the ground, due to a longer footprint. These features, combined, will produce maximum traction and floatation for any field application. Some may think that this is just a marketing ploy, designed by Michelin, to sell more expensive tires; however, I assure you, the construction of this technology actually changes the deflection (or bulge) in the sidewall of a tire, which in turn, allows the footprint of that tire to completely flatten out on the ground.
Independent studies conducted by Harper Adams University and University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, both concluded using Michelin Ultraflex (IF/VF) tires, at properly recommended field air pressures, will produce up to an additional 4.31% yield. The studies were conducted over two tillage cycles in corn, soybeans and/or wheat. Additional benefits include Fuel Savings of up to 10%.
Let’s do the math on that! Consider a 1,000 acre farm at $6.79/bushel (today 9.18.23). Consider an average harvest around 200 bushel/acre, for easy math. That’s $1.358M in revenue using standard radial tires. Now, add in Michelin VF tires and it changes to 208 bushel/acre and totals about $1.4123M. Using +4% yield gain, that’s about $54,000/1,000 acres of additional revenue! Now multiply that times the number of acres you are actually harvesting and it’s a big number!
To add even more benefit, fit that machine with a Michelin owned PTG Central Tire Inflation System (CTIS) and you’ve just added complete control over your tire pressures with the push of a button. Using CTIS, offers the best of both worlds. As you enter a field, you can reduce your air pressures to field operating pressures. Remember, IF/VF tires can operate at 20%/40% lower pressures than standard tires. In many cases, a Michelin tire will operate in single digit air pressures, at field speeds and loads.
Then, when you are ready to travel down the road, at much higher speeds, you can increase your air pressures to maximize your fuel efficiency and speeds, with the push of a button.
To take it one step further, IF/VF Technology has also enabled us to add the CFO/CFO+ index to Harvester and Sprayer Tires. We are now able to publish and safely operate these tires at much lower pressures than originally offered. This technology takes into account the short amount of time a tire is under maximum pressure due to a Full Hopper or Sprayer Tank. Since this weight diminishes over time, at <10 mph, or field operating speeds, we have created an inflation pressure table which allows the user to be more precise with air pressures and truly set the lowest air pressures to carry the maximum weights, in field. As mentioned earlier, add a CTIS to this technology and you can really maximize your machine’s efficiency and productivity.
Finally, Michelin is so confident in our Ultraflex IF/VF technology, we offer a full 1-Year Total Satisfaction Guarantee on all Michelin IF/VF tires!
Yokohama TWS
Chris Neidert: AG Marketing, Training and Development Manager for Trelleborg & Mitas Tires – North America
Here we go with more acronyms in the Ag Tire World:
IF Tire Technology
IF stands for Improved Flexion, with tire capable of:
- carrying the same load as a standard radial tire at 20% less inflation pressure
OR
- carrying 20% more load at the same inflation pressure as a standard radial tire
How can tires with IF Technology carry the same load with less air pressure? The answer is because the sidewalls have been redesigned to carry some of the load, whereas standard radial tires use the air pressure to carry the entire load.
Benefits:
- IF Tires reduce soil compaction, by using lower air pressure and potentially leading to higher crop yields.
- IF Tires offer less fuel consumption, better traction and less slippage due to their larger footprint.
- IF Tires have durable sidewalls capable of handling heavier loads without damage.
- IF Tires are designed and optimized for agricultural equipment, providing superior field performance.
- IF Tires have a softer ride due to the flexible sidewall.
Pictured below is the inflation pressure difference between a Standard Ag Tire versus an IF Ag Tire:
Example of IF vs Standard tire sidewall and footprint:
Referring to the picture above, the IF tire on the left has lower air pressure than the standard tire on the right. This enables the tire to produce a larger longer footprint. See the difference between the red arrows? Lower air pressure enabling larger footprint provides the benefits listed above.
VF Tire Technology
VF stands for Very High Flexion. VF technology tires have a similar concept to IF tires, but the numbers associated with VF tires are larger.
VF tires have the capability to either carry the same load as a standard radial tire with 40% less inflation pressure or carry 40% more load at the same inflation pressure as a standard radial tire.
Benefits of running VF lower air pressure tires include an even larger footprint than IF, with following advantages:
- Reduced soil compaction, leading to increased crop yield.
- Ability to carry more load (up to 40%) than a standard tire at the same air pressure.
- More load capacity means fewer trips, resulting in reduced fuel consumption.
- Fewer trips translate to less working time and more profits.
Below is a comparison of the weight carrying capability between a standard tire and a tire built using VF technology.
In our example, we are using a tire size of 750/60R30.5. Both tires are inflated to 36 psi.
The VF tire can carry an additional 6,258 lbs. of weight compared to the standard tire. This represents a 40% increase in load capacity.
This advantage is particularly beneficial in the transport industry. Manure haulers, for instance, can transport a greater quantity of product and make fewer trips. This saves time and fuel, improving your bottom line.
CFO stands for Cyclical Field Operation. You can usually identify CFO tires by locating the CFO designation printed on the sidewall after the tire size.
It is a technology found in specific tires that provides an additional load bonus on top of the nominal load capacity. This load bonus is applicable to specially designed IF and VF tires when they are used in a “cyclical” condition, operating at or below 10 mph. The casing is stronger than a standard tire and its construction allows for less heat generation. In this context, “cyclical” means that the tire experiences a constantly changing load during regular machine operation. These tires are engineered and constructed to effectively manage such fluctuating loads.
The perfect and purest example of this application is a combine during harvest.
Let’s see how CFO technology will help handle the temporary overload condition that happens when harvesting. We’ll use an example of a typical combine tire size. IF800/70R38CFO 187A8 (Cyclic Field Operation)
Let us look at the load table above. When traveling at 25 mph with a tire pressure of 23 psi, the tire has a load capacity of 17,060 lbs. However, when we slow down to the harvesting speed of 9 mph, the tire’s load carrying capability increases to an impressive 26,460 lbs. This translates to a substantial 55% Load Bonus for a short distance, providing enough capacity for the combine to unload its crop. This advantage is significant compared to a standard tire, which would be overloaded in this situation. Additionally, CFO built tires are more durable and have a longer lifespan for this specific application.
CHO stands for Cyclical Harvest Operation. You can recognize CHO tires by finding the CHO designation on the tire sidewall after the tire size.
CHO technology is similar to CFO technology, but it focuses on standard tires. The casing is stronger, and its construction allows for less heat generation. With CHO technology, standard tires can handle up to 80% more load than their designated capacity. These special tires are used in harvesting situations where there are repetitive cycles, and the machine operates at or below 10 mph, covering less than 1 mile. In this context, “cyclical” refers to the continuous variation in the tire’s load during regular machine operation. These tires are designed to effectively manage these load fluctuations.
We can use the example of a grain cart during harvest.
Similar to CFO tires, let’s explore how CHO technology benefits standard tires during harvest and temporary overload conditions. For illustration, we’ll consider a tire size: 900/70R32 CHO 182A8.
Referring to the load table provided above, at a speed of 25 mph and tire pressure of 35 psi, this tire can carry a maximum load of 18,743 lbs. However, when we reduce the speed to the harvesting speed of 9 mph, and due to the CHO technology incorporated in this tire, its load capacity increases significantly to 33,737 lbs. This represents an impressive 80% load bonus for a short distance, which allows the grain cart to move to the field’s edge and unload its crop. This provides a substantial advantage over standard tires without CHO technology, which would experience an overload condition. CHO built tires are more durable in this specific application and have a longer lifespan compared to standard tires.
Wow, that was a lot of info, but that’s what we do at Ag Tire Talk. Headquarters for your technical information.
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